PMC

(A) during C modulation - single, constant pitch contour for all repetitions of the same word; (B) during V modulation - variable pitch contour between repetitions of the same word. Repetition suppression (RS) effect was found only in the C modulation (*p<0.016, Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons).

Frequency response with a single control of the open loop gain. The transimpedance gain is almost constant, at 140 dBΩ with feedback control word, b_F = 111.

Estimates of gaze duration (left) and refixation probability (right) for the subset of data in which the saccade going to the target word was preceded by a single fixation on the right half of the pretarget word. Estimates are from generalized mixed-effects regression of the effect on target-word processing of having a destination three letters farther behind in a word, while actual landing site is held constant. Error bars show 95% confidence intervals.

Stage 4: Chunking and the emergence of sentences. Top: The model proposes that, with the advent of chunking, constant rehearsal of a polysyllabic word (left) resulted in the word being encoded in the phonological lexicon as a single representation (right). Bottom: The encoding of a word as a single representation allowed individuals to vocalize and repeat lists of words. These lists could then be used to teach a sequence of actions. For example, the figure shows an adult teaching a child how to spear a fish and cook it over a fire by vocalizing 3 words: fish – spear – fire. The child can then repeat and thus memorize the sequence, and later he will be able to perform the sequence of actions on his own.